Chapter 3: High-Frequency Application

Key Vocabulary

English / 英文	中文	Simple Meaning / 簡單意思
predict	預測	say what will happen
pattern	模式	a repeated question form
primarily	主要地	mainly
（第三章：高頻應用）

Common question types, typical scenarios, common variations. This chapter is about how knowledge gets packaged into questions — drill high-frequency medium questions first, don't jump to the hardest ones.

中文快速導讀：本章練習「題目怎樣問」。先做埠號、Python 輸出、HTML/CSS、Office 操作及網絡概念；答錯時不要只背答案，要找出題目是在問「用途」、「快捷鍵」、「輸出結果」還是「哪一層」。

1. Past-Paper Topic Distribution（歷屆真題主題分佈，依 2022、2023 統計）

Topic / 主題	Frequency / 頻率	Question Pattern / 出題模式
Ports（Port／埠號）	Very high	"which port does X use" or reverse lookup from port number
CSS (box model/flex/grid/selectors/fonts)	High	Given a snippet, ask the effect or attribute purpose
Python output prediction	High	Given a `print()` snippet, predict output — focus on `//`, `%`, logic operators
Logic operators (and/or/xor/not)	High	Evaluate an expression, often mixing multiple operators
HTML (tags/tables/input)	Medium-high	Tag purpose or attribute effect
Word/Excel/PowerPoint operations	Medium-high	Shortcut keys or specific feature operation
Tech company business ID（企業業務辨識）	Medium-high	Which company does X, or what is company Y's product called
Number system conversion	Medium	Convert a given number
Network protocols/models	Medium	OSI/TCP-IP concept questions

Takeaway（結論）: Ports, CSS, Python output prediction, and logic operators account for over half of preliminary written questions — drill these four first if short on time.

2. Typical Question-Type Drills（典型題型練習，先答再看解析）

Port lookup type（Port／埠號型）

What TCP port does SMTP default to?
What port does DNS use — TCP or UDP?
What port does HTTPS use?

Answer key（解析）: 25 / 53 (both TCP and UDP) / 443. Fastest approach: memorize a mnemonic rather than each port individually.

Python output prediction type（Python 輸出預測型）

print(10 // 3) → ?
print(10 % 3) → ?
False and True → ?
5 ^ 3 (XOR) → ?

Answer key: 3 / 1 / False / 6 (101 XOR 011 = 110). Common trap: confusing // (floor division, drops decimals) with / (float division), or forgetting 0 counts as False in boolean logic.

Subnet mask calculation type（子網路遮罩計算型）

A network needs to fit 30 devices — what's the minimum subnet mask?
Same, but for 100 devices?

Answer key: 30 devices → 2⁵−2=30 exactly fits, n=5, mask 255.255.255.224 (/27); 100 devices → 2⁷−2=126 suffices, n=7, mask 255.255.255.128 (/25). Method detailed in Chapter 2, Concept 2.

Company business ID type（企業業務辨識型）

What's the primary business of Alibaba, Tencent, Huawei, Baidu, and iFLYTEK respectively?
What are Alibaba Cloud's and Tencent Cloud's elastic VM services called?
What are Huawei's and Baidu's self-developed AI models/platforms called?

Answer key: See the table in Chapter 1, Section 8. Technique: memorize each company's core business first (Alibaba=e-commerce, Tencent=social/gaming, Baidu=search, Huawei=telecom equipment, iFLYTEK=voice), then attach the cloud-service and AI-model brand names.

3. NotebookLM Scenario Quiz（10 questions）

（NotebookLM 情境測驗卡，中文原題已翻譯為英文為主）

These 10 questions were auto-generated by NotebookLM directly from the ITE7/ITN source PDFs — closer in style to real exam packaging.

中文題意對照（只輔助理解英文題幹）

Question / 題號	中文題意
1	OSI 模型中，哪一層負責資料分割、流量控制及可靠的端到端傳送？
2	Python 的 `10 // 3` 會得到甚麼結果？
3	CPU 底部有針腳並插入主機板插槽的封裝叫甚麼？
4	Excel 選取多格後，要一次填入相同內容，按哪個快捷鍵？
5	哪一種惡意軟件可自行複製並利用漏洞傳播，不一定需要使用者操作？
6	IPv6 中代表本機自己的 loopback（回環）地址是甚麼？
7	Python 建立物件時自動呼叫的類別初始化方法是甚麼？
8	廠商尚未修補、而攻擊者已利用的漏洞叫甚麼？
9	哪個 OSI 第 2 層裝置會按 MAC address 轉送 frame，並隔離 collision domain？
10	CSS Box Model 中，content 與 border 之間的空間叫甚麼？

In the OSI model, which layer handles segmentation, flow control, and reliable end-to-end delivery?（哪一層負責資料分割） A. Network　B. Transport　C. Data Link　D. Session 　→ B. Transport is the first layer to achieve host-to-host communication, and includes TCP and UDP.
In Python, what does 10 // 3 evaluate to? A. 3.333…　B. 1　C. 3　D. 3.0 　→ C. // computes the quotient and drops the decimal part.
For CPU packaging, if pins sit on the bottom of the processor and insert into the motherboard socket, what's this architecture called? A. LGA　B. PGA　C. BGA　D. DIP 　→ B (Pin Grid Array). Pins on the CPU = PGA; pins on the socket = LGA.
In Excel, after selecting multiple cells, which key combo fills them all with the same content at once? A. Ctrl+D　B. Ctrl+Enter　C. Alt+Enter　D. Ctrl+Shift+Enter 　→ B. Ctrl+D is fill-down, a different action.
Which type of malware is typically self-replicating and can exploit vulnerabilities automatically, without needing user action? A. Virus　B. Worm　C. Trojan Horse　D. Ransomware 　→ B (Worm). A virus needs a host file to attach to; a worm replicates and spreads independently.
In IPv6 addressing, what's the loopback address representing the host itself? A. 127.0.0.1　B. ::1　C. fe80::1　D. FF02::1 　→ B. IPv4's loopback is 127.0.0.1; IPv6's equivalent is ::1.
In Python OOP, which special method is the class initializer, automatically called when an instance is created? A. __new__　B. __init__　C. __main__　D. __call__ 　→ B.
In information security, when a vendor discovers an unknown, unpatched vulnerability already being exploited by attackers, what's this called? A. Man-in-the-middle attack　B. Zero-day vulnerability　C. DoS attack　D. Social engineering 　→ B.
Which network device operates at OSI Layer 2, forwards frames based on MAC address, and isolates collision domains? A. Hub　B. Switch　C. Router　D. Repeater 　→ B (Switch). A hub broadcasts without addressing; a router forwards at Layer 3 based on IP.
In the CSS Box Model, what's the space between content and border called? A. Margin　B. Padding　C. Outline　D. Offset 　→ B.

4. Scope Completion Scenario Drills（範圍補強情境練習）

Junior & Senior（初中＋高中）

In Excel, you select five cells and want to enter the same new value into all of them at once. Which shortcut should you use?
→ Ctrl+Enter. Ctrl+D has a different purpose: it fills down from the top cell.
A message says, “Your account will close in 10 minutes. Click here and enter your verification code.” What is the safest first action?
→ Do not use the link or share the code. Open the official app or website yourself and verify the request.
A smart sensor sends room-temperature data to a phone app. Which concept best describes this system, and what privacy check should you make?
→ IoT（Internet of Things／物聯網）. Check what data and permissions the app collects.
A map app requests location permission. Which device function is mainly involved, and why should you review the permission?
→ GPS（Global Positioning System／全球定位系統）. Location data can reveal where a device is, so enable it only when needed.
A school computer has a firewall, encrypted storage, separate user permissions and a locked room. What security principle does this show?
→ Layered defence（分層防護）. Each control protects a different part of the system; one control is not enough.

Senior-only（高中追加）

Which service translates a domain name such as example.com into an IP address?
→ DNS（Domain Name System／網域名稱系統）. HTTPS encrypts web traffic; it does not perform DNS translation.
A question asks for the current name of a Mainland company’s AI product. What should you confirm before memorising it?
→ The exact name, category, function, and the as-of date from an official or reliable source. Product names and versions can change.

5. Final-Round Required-Answer / Buzzer Scenarios（決賽必答／搶答典型情境）

The final round splits into required-answer questions (30 points each（每題 30 分）) and buzzer questions (10-second time limit（限時 10 秒）, correct scores, wrong deducts). Required-answer questions resemble preliminary MCQs but cover a wider range; buzzer questions favor single-fact instant recall — e.g. "what's Alibaba Cloud's elastic VM called," "what's the IPv6 loopback address" — things you can answer in one breath. For buzzer-pace practice, see the timed drill in Chapter 5.